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From the Editor (provided as webpage) Cognitive Processes
in Parkinson’s Disease: From Dopamine to Behavior We present a summary of our ongoing research into the cognitive functions of the basal ganglia and their implication in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Diverse cognitive functions are impaired in PD, which are sometimes enhanced, but sometimes worsened, by dopaminergic medication. Computer modeling of the basal ganglia dopamine system and its involvement in cognition has been useful for understanding these effects and for making novel predictions regarding core cognitive deficits in PD. Visual Disturbances
in Parkinson’s Disease and Intervention Patients with Parkinson’s disease may complain of vision problems such as reading problems, double vision, abnormal perception of motion (oscillopsia), and problems with eye tracking. Signs of problems may include nystagmus, ataxic ocular pursuits, slow and inaccurate saccades, reduced convergence and strabismus. Treatment options that include the use of partial selective occlusion, prism and lenses are discussed. Surgical Treatment of
Movement Disorders The surgical treatment of movement disorders has evolved considerably over the last decade in terms of the scope of the indications for surgery, and in terms of technique. Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) has an established role in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease and essential tremor. As a surgical procedure, it offers inherent advantages over ablative therapies, as the therapeutic and side effects of stimulation can be modulated by adjustment of multiple stimulation parameters. DBS is finding increasing application for the treatment of dystonias, and for tremor disorders other than essential tremor. These conditions, many of which are notoriously difficult to treat medically, are reviewed in this article. The objective is to focus on the conditions for which surgical treatments may be beneficial, the indications and contraindications to these procedures, and on the surgical techniques and outcomes. Community Resources
and Practical Pointers for Parkinson’s Disease Due to time constraints, it is difficult for physicians and their office staff to know all of the various resources available for the many complex issues that may arise for the individual with Parkinson’s disease. There are numerous national and local organizations available to assist the patient and family. A list of Parkinson’s disease organizations and other useful resources is listed at the end of the article. Huntington’s
Disease Huntington’s disease is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder characterized by abnormal movements manifested as chorea, bradykinesia and dystonia. There are also cognitive abnormalities characterized by disorders of attention and obsessive thoughts. The mutation is an expansion of a trinucleotide repeat in a gene on chromosome 4. This article outlines current treatment options. Cerebellar Tremor –Definition
and Treatment One of the most difficult movement disorders to diagnose and treat is cerebellar tremor. This review serves to familiarize the clinician with basic definitions and treatment options for this tremor type. Go to the CNI Movement Disorders website
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